P.T Modalities
Goniometer for Shoulder Joint Part 1
Shoulder Joint
A- Flexion
1- Patient in supine position
2- place the center point of goniometer in the center of shoulder joint just above humerus head
3- ask the patient to flex his\her shoulder joint as much as possible
4- fix one of goniometer arms and moved the other Parallel to humerus
5- then read the degrees
Normal range for Shoulder flexion
- 167° ± 4.7° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 150° (American Medical Association)
- 166° (mean), 4.7° (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)
B- Extenion
1- Patient in supine position
2- place the center point of goniometer in the center of shoulder joint just above humerus head
3- ask the patient to extend his\her shoulder joint as much as possible
4- fix one of goniometer arms and moved the other Parallel to humerus
5- then read the degrees
Normal range for Shoulder extension
- 62° ± 9.5° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 50° (American Medical Association)
- 62.3° (mean), 9.5° (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)
C- Abduction \ ِAdduction
1- Patient in supine position
2- place the center point of goniometer in front of the center of shoulder joint just above humerus head
3- let the both arms of goniometer run Parallel to the sternum
4- ask the patient to extend his\her shoulder joint as much as possible
5- with fix one of goniometer arms and moved the other Parallel to humerus
6- then read the degrees
Normal range for Shoulder Abduction
- 184° ± 7.0° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 180° (American Medical Association)
- 184° (mean), 7.0° (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)
D- Internal rotation
1- Patient in supine position with elbow flixed 90 shoulder abducted 90
2- place the center point of goniometer over olecranon process of ulna
3- let the both arms of goniometer Vertical to the bed
4- ask patient for internal rotation as much as possible
5- with fix one of goniometer arms and moved the other Parallel to ulna
6- then read the degrees
Normal range for Shoulder Internal rotation
- 69° ± 4.6° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 90° (American Medical Association)
- 68.8° (mean), 4.6° (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)
E- External rotation
1- Patient in supine position with elbow flixed 90 shoulder abducted 90
2- place the center point of goniometer over olecranon process of ulna
3- let the both arms of goniometer Vertical to the bed
4- ask patient for internal rotation as much as possible
5- with fix one of goniometer arms and moved the other Parallel to ulna
6- then read the degrees
Normal range for Shoulder external rotation
- 104° ± 8.5° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 90° (American Medical Association)
- 103° (mean), 8.5° (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)
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